Open Space-Research by TM2Space

An analog divider is an essential component in various electronic applications, enabling the division of one analog signal by another. This functionality is crucial in fields such as communications, control systems, and instrumentation. In this article, we explore one method to design and implement an analog divider circuit, discussing its working principles, design considerations, and potential applications.

Converting raw sensor readings from Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data into meaningful orientation values such as Roll, Pitch, and Yaw (RPY) is a crucial step in Attitude Determination. This article details one way to perform Sensor Fusion, leveraging gyroscopic acceleration for roll and using standard trigonometric formulas for pitch and yaw.

Clinostats are devices designed to simulate microgravity environments by rotating samples along one or more axes, thereby averaging out gravitational forces. This document provides an analytical framework for a dual-axis ideal clinostat, examining its mathematical foundations and operational principles. It outlines the conversion of rotation rates into angular velocities, derives the corresponding rotation matrices, and demonstrates how to combine these matrices to describe the sample's orientation. It further explores how gravitational forces transform in the rotating frame and discusses methods for averaging these forces over time.

Celestial reference frames are one of the fundamental tools in astronomy and space science which offers a structured way to describe the positions and movements of celestial bodies. This document provides a comprehensive overview of several important reference frames: the Geocentric Celestial Reference Frame (GCRF), which aligns with distant stars and is unaffected by Earth's rotation; the Heliocentric Inertial Frame (HIF), centered on the Sun and used for interplanetary missions; the Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed Frame (ECEF), which rotates with the Earth and is used for surface positioning; and the Orbital Frame, including Radial Tangential Normal (RTN) and Hill frames, used for satellite dynamics. Additionally, the Geocentric Ecliptic Coordinate System (GECS) and the Ecliptic Frame are discussed, focusing on their alignment with the ecliptic plane and Earth’s orbit.